CREATIVITY GAME

Kristijan Lavtižar:

Fundamentals of Natural Ventilation in Buildings

DOI 10.15292/IU-CG.2020.08.020-027 | UDK 697.921.2 | SUBMITTED: 8/2020 | REVISED: 10/2020 | PUBLISHED: 11/2020
Author's affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture, Slovenia

PDF

ABSTRACT
When environmental factors, such as the microclimate, in-depth knowledge is important in understanding spatial issues related to health. We spend most of the day indoors, so ventilation conditions are especially important, given their impact on our well-being, satisfaction, productivity, and health. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of modern methods of ventilation of individual indoor spaces with special attention paid to natural ventilation. The key questions raised for this purpose are: What systems are in use today, what are their shortcomings and the challenges that we face, how had the problem of ventilation been addressed in the past, and how can traditional knowledge be applied in modern architecture? To be able to answer this, clear physical laws must be defined. The article presents the standard methods of ventilation of buildings around the world and gives suggestions for their use in the design of quality and sustainably designed open and closed spaces (buildings and their indoor spaces). Examples of the use of natural ventilation and samples of combining established ventilation principles, considering the legality of microclimatic factors, with modern technologies of mechanical ventilation and permeable facade systems are collected. The core of the article refers to the question: What are the possibilities for the ventilation of buildings that ensure the appropriate indoor air quality while simultaneously allowing for the ambient integration with the natural environment?

KEYWORDS
ventilation, air conditioning systems, natural ventilation, pollutants, guidelines

FULL ARTICLE
https://iu-cg.org/paper/2020/IU-CG.2020.08.020-027.pdf (1.62 MB)

CITATION

Copy citation to clipboard (APA style)

LITERATURE AND SOURCES:
Attia, S., & De Herde, A. (2009). Designing the Malqaf for summer cooling in low-rise housing an experimental study. Proceedings of Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA).
Aynsley, R. (2014). Natural ventilation in passive design. Environment Design Guide, 1-16.
Balvers, J., Bogers, R., Jongeneel, R., van Kamp, I., Boerstra, A., & van Dijken, F. (2012). Mechanical ventilation in recently built Dutch homes: technical shortcomings, possibilities for improvement, perceived indoor environment and health effects. Architectural Science Review, 55(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2011.641736
Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit (2000). Energy Conusmption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices. Garston, Watford. UK, British Research Establishment Conservation Support Unit.
Bujoreanu, C., & Benchea, M. (2016). Experimental study on HVAC sound parameters. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Center for the Built Environment (2013). About mixed mode. University of California, Berkeley, 2005. Pridobljeno 4.10.2020 s spletne strain: https://cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html
Dovjak, M. & Kukec, A., (2019). Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings: An Assessment of Health Risk Factors. Cham: Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3
Emmerich, S. J., Dols, W. S., & Axley, J. W. (2001). Natural ventilation review and plan for design and analysis tools. US Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Etheridge, D. (2012). Natural ventilation of buildings. Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham.
Feustel, H. E., & Lenz, T. P. (1985). Patterns of infiltration in multi-family buildings. Building and Environment, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(85)90025-3
Fink, R. (2013). Vpliv mikroklimatskih razmer in kakovosti. Doktorska disertacija. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za strojništvo, Univerza v Ljubljani.
Fisk, W. J. Rosenfeld, A. H. (1997). Estimates of improved productivity and health from better indoor environments. Indoor air, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1997.t01-1-00002.x
Franck, U., Herbarth, O., Manjarrez, M., Wiedensohler, A., Tuch, T., & Holstein, P. (2003). Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particles: Exposure and Possible Health Impact. Journal of Aerosol Science.
Frazer, A. (1998). The Roman villa. University of Pennsylvania Museum Publication.
Fromonot, F. (1995). Glenn Murcutt: works and projects. Thames and Hudson.
Hasselaar, E. (2008). Health risk associated with passive houses: an exploration. Proceedings of Indoor Air.
Horan, J. M., & Finn, D. P. (2008). Sensitivity of air change rates in a naturally ventilated atrium space subject to variations in external wind speed and direction. Energy and Buildings, 40(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.013
Japelj, T. (1985). Ogrevanje, hlajenje in prezračevanje. Ljubljana. Tehniška založba Slovenije.
Knaack, U., Klein, T., Bilow, M., & Auer, T. (2014). Façades: principles of construction. Birkhäuser.
Leyten, J. L. and S. R. Kurvers (2000). Robustness of Buildings and HVAC Systems as a Hypothetical Construct Explaining Differences in Building Complaint Rates. Healthy Buildings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.11.001
Marr, D., Mason, M., Mosley, R., & Liu, X. (2012). The influence of opening windows and doors on the natural ventilation rate of a residential building. HVAC&R Research, 18(1-2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2011.585423
McManus, B. F. (2007). Sample Plan of a Roman House. The College of New Rochelle. Pridobljeno 30.8.2020 s spletne strani: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/house.html
Mlecnik, E., Van Loon, S., & Hasselaar, E. (2008). Indoor climate systems in passive houses. 29th AIVC (3).
Muhsin, F., Yusoff, W. F. M., Mohamed, M. F., & Sapian, A. R. (2017). CFD modeling of natural ventilation in a void connected to the living units of multi-storey housing for thermal comfort. Energy and Buildings, 144, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.035
Mumford, E. P. (2002). The CIAM discourse on urbanism, 1928-1960. MIT press.
Peperko, I. (2009). Primerjava sistemov prezračevanja. Diplomsko delo, Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo.
Prek, M. (2014). Učinkovitost prezračevanja. Fakulteta za strojništvo. Laboratorij za ogrevalno, sanitarno in solarno tehniko ter klimatizacija, Ljubljana.
Qian, H., & Zheng, X. (2018). Ventilation control for airborne transmission of human exhaled bio-aerosols in buildings. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(Suppl 19), S2295–S2304. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.01.24
Recknagel, H., Sprenger, E., Schramek, E. R., & Čeperković, Z. (2004). Grejanje i klimatizacija: uključujući toplu vodu i tehniku hlađenja: priručnik sa 2100 ilustracija i preko 350 tabela kao i četiri tabele u dodatku. Interklima.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations (2020). REHVA COVID-19 guidance document, How to operate and use building services in order to prevent the spread of thecoronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus (SARS-CoV-2) in workplaces.
Richardson, E. T., Morrow, C. D., Kalil, D. B., Bekker, L. G., & Wood, R. (2014). Shared air: a renewed focus on ventilation for the prevention of tuberculosis transmission. PLoS One, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096334
Sacht, H., & Lukiantchuki, M. A. (2017). Windows size and the performance of natural ventilation. Procedia engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.038
Skistad, Mundt, Nielsen, Hastrom, Railio. (2002). Izpodrivno prezračevanje v neindustrijskih stavbah: priročnik
Smajlovic, S. K., Kukec, A. & Dovjak, M., (2019). Association between Sick Building Syndrome and Indoor Environmental Quality in Slovenian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, Izvod 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173224
Smith, W. (1875). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John Murray, London.
Staniforth, A. D., Kinnear, W. J. M., Starling, R., Hetmanski, D. J., & Cowley, A. J. (1998). Effect of oxygen on sleep quality, cognitive function and sympathetic activity in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. European heart journal, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097%2898%2981728-2
Stellman, J. M. (1998). Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety (Vol. 1). International Labour Organization.
Turner, W. J., Sherman, M. H., & Walker, I. S. (2012). Infiltration as ventilation: Weather-induced dilution. HVAC&R Research, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2012.704836/
Todorović, B. (2005). Klimatizacija. Savez mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS), Beograd.